(Feast of Trumpets)

Fred R. Coulter—October 3, 2024

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Greetings, everyone, welcome to the Feast of Trumpets 2024! Time always marches on! Even though we have a civil calendar, God always goes by the Calculated Hebrew Calendar, and that is the real key in understanding what God is doing and when He is doing it.

Leviticus 23 is very interesting indeed, because it is a key to the whole Plan of God! But the world will not use that; they have their Roman calendar and they follow that. Isn't that interesting? It's a solar calendar! For what is called Christianity in the world, what day do they worship on? Sunday! Interesting, isn't it?

In Lev. 23, we have all the Plan of God laid out according to a one-year cycle. It has to be filled in or put together with many other Scriptures in the Bible. That's why Paul instructed Timothy to 'diligently study to show yourself approved unto God, rightly dividing the Word of God!'

That means, as Isa. 28 says, 'a little here, a little there, precept here, precept there, line upon line, line upon line.' So, we have quite an unusual thing. Most of the world… and especially the Jews don't understand it because they reject Jesus Christ! The Jews don't understand about the Passover because they keep it on the wrong day Yet, they preserve the Old Testament and the Calculated Hebrew Calendar.

It shows that you can have what you need, but IF you don't obey the voice of the Lord your God, you will never understand!

  • How many people have Bibles in their homes but never read them?
  • How many people who read them can understand it?

We're also told in Isa. 29 that 'even the learned ones can read it, but they can't understand it!' Even the uneducated ones can read it, but it's beyond their comprehension. Why is that? Because they have closed their eyes and hardened their hearts so they wouldn't obey God!

So we come to Lev. 23. It starts out with the Sabbath! That goes clear back to creation. What does God say about these days?

  • these are His
  • He owns them
  • He created them
  • He does important things on these days

Then the next thing we have is the Passover! Isn't that the most important thing in the whole of the Bible from beginning to end? The sacrifice of Jesus Christ for the sins of the world! But you would never know it by just reading Lev. 23.

Likewise with the Feast of Unleavened Bread! People don't understand that. The New Testament gives us the clue as to what it is, which is in one little phrase: 'a little leaven leavens the whole lump.' Leaven is a sin! A little sin leavens everything else, and sin adds to more sin unless repented of, and leads to more blindness.

Then we have right there in the days of Unleavened Bread, the Wave Sheaf Offering, the ascension of Christ to heaven to be accepted as the Firstborn from the dead, and the Sacrifice for the sins of the world.

Then we have Pentecost! Now, Pentecost starts out with counting the 50 days. It's actually the longest command for all of the days that are here (in Lev. 23).

Yet, the world reads these things, and they say that 'these are just ritual days; we don't need to keep these.' Of course, the Jews are happy to have people do that, and happy to have the Protestants and Catholics say, 'we don't need the Old Testament; it has either all been fulfilled, or we have a new law.' Well, Jesus said, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God!'

  • Do we obey the mouth of the Lord?
  • Do we obey His words?

Now we come down to what looks like a very insignificant Feast, because there are only three verses that explain about it. But as we will see, this tells us about the greatest event in the history of the world! That's the Feast of Trumpets and all that it means, which we will cover today.

Leviticus 23:23: "And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 'Speak to the children of Israel saying, "In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, you shall have a Sabbath, a memorial of blowing of ram's horns, a Holy convocation"'" (vs 23-24). So, this is a war Feast!

Did not God say to the children of Israel that they were not to go to war unless God said to go to war, and He would fight for them? Yes!

What happened when they went to war and were in their sins and expected God to help them win the battle? We find out in the days of Samuel with Eli the high priest and his two sons—Hophni and Phinehas—who went to battle against the Philistines! They were losing, so they came back and got the Ark of God, because the Ark of God was supposed to be in the lead in the warring so that they would win the battle.

But since they were living in sin, God did not answer that, and the Philistines captured the Ark of the Covenant. You know the rest of the story from there.

Then He also says, v 25: "You shall do no servile work therein but you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD."

Well, today we don't have burnt offerings, and we have our sin offering, which is Jesus Christ, so we take up an offering. It shows there in Deut. 16 that we are all to give according to the blessing which the Lord God has given us!

This day is so fantastic and so absolutely awesome, and it's amazing how many other verses we will see—and we will only be able to cover some of them, not all of them—as to what this day means and how it's going to bring about the salvation of the world.

(pause for the offering)

Thank you, brethren, for the offering that you have given, we appreciate it very much, and we always put it to work to do what God wants us to do. Along that line we have been very, very successful with your help with getting the Bibles out to other people who don't have them, and we're getting a very good response with that.

Likewise, we're very blessed—and keep this in your prayers—through the program with John B. Wells, Caravan to Midnight, we've had a good reception with that.

Let's come to Dan. 2 and see that beginning with Daniel and the other prophets before have about the return of Christ and what's going to happen in setting up of the Kingdom of God, which is pictured by the Feast of Tabernacles.

Here we have in the book of Daniel something laid out in a sequential way, not in a chronological way by dates, but in sequence of events. This was quite a thing! This was the first time that it is recorded how God dealt with Nebuchadnezzar, the great king of Babylon, and everything else of the world system would be developed by that Babylonian system, and in the end-time we would have Babylon the Great.

Nebuchadnezzar had the dream, he had the vision, but no one could tell it to him. He was going to kill all of the magi and all of the seers and all of the intelligent people if they couldn't tell him the dream and tell him the interpretation of it.

Then Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego all fasted and prayed, and God revealed to Daniel what was going to be. Then Daniel was brought before Nebuchadnezzar, and Daniel told him about the great image that he saw, the head of gold, and then the chest of silver, and then of bronze, and then of iron, and then the two feet and the ten toes.

Look at where all of this ends, from head to toe, from the beginning to the ending. The beginning of the revelation here in Dan. 2—and we'll see there are a couple of other places—that brings it to the end.

Daniel 2:41—we're living in these days: "And whereas you saw the feet and toes, part of potters' clay and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided…"—bringing it all together!

We have that in Rev 13 and 17. Remember that Rev. 17 calls the whole system: Mystery Babylon the Great! Amazing!

"…But there shall be in it the strength of the iron, because you saw the iron mixed with miry clay. And as the toes of the feet were part of iron and part of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong and partly broken. And whereas you saw iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mix themselves with the seed of men. But they shall not cling to one another, even as iron does not combine with clay" (vs 41-43).

That's what we see today, alliances, and then they break down alliances, and then they break down.

Verse 44: "And in the days of these kings… [ten, that's what we have in Revelation] …the God of heaven shall set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed. And the Kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever." That's the whole purpose of our calling!

Verse 45: "Because you saw that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands… [that's Christ] …and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold, the great God has made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter…."—and then to the end of the age of men!

Verse 46: "Then King Nebuchadnezzar fell upon his face and worshiped Daniel…"—and Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego!

Nebuchadnezzar acknowledged that the God of Daniel was the true God! What did he do? He put him second in charge of Babylon! Now that becomes very interesting; that's another whole story.

Dan. 7—let's see something here that's also very important. We have it laid out again just a little differently. This time we see that it leads to Christ coming to God the Father to accept the Kingship over all the world.

We will see that many of these prophecies come right up to the end. But the only way to understand the end is through:

  • the Holy Days
  • the Calculated Hebrew Calendar
  • the New Testament
  • the Old Testament
  • the book of Daniel in particularly
  • the book of Revelation most importantly

Daniel 7:13: "I saw visions in the night and, behold, One like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of Days…"

That's the One Who became Jesus Christ coming to the Ancient of Days, Who in the Old Testament was the Most High God, and in the New Testament is the Father!

God the Father, remember, is dealing directly with each one of us by His Spirit within us. So, this is a marvelous and fantastic thing that God has done and is doing!

"…and they brought Him near before Him. And dominion and glory was given to Him, and a kingdom, that all people, nations and languages should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away… [the Kingdom of God forever] …and His Kingdom that which shall not be destroyed" (vs 13-14).

Now, Daniel didn't understand it. He didn't know what it was, so he came near, and he wanted to know the Truth. So, God told him the Truth of it.

Verse 20: "And of the ten horns that were on his head, and of the other horn which came up, and before whom three fell; even of that horn that had eyes, and a mouth speaking very boastful things, whose appearance was greater than his fellows."

Daniel was seeing the end result of everything, as we find in the book of Revelation, in a little different form.

Verse 21: "I watched, and that same horn made war with the saints and overcame them."

That's what we're going to be looking at here, yes. Down through time, that has happened off and on. And in the end-time in Rev. 6 there will be a martyrdom of the saints again.

Verse 22: "Until the Ancient of Days came, and judgment was given to the saints of the Most High. And the time came that the saints possessed the Kingdom."

That's why we are here! We are going to be part of owning the Kingdom of God under Christ, to bring in the greatest time of salvation, beginning with the Millennium, and then the Great White-Throne Judgment period after that. All of these are revealed by the Holy Days! Amazing, isn't it?

See, that which is in Lev. 23 looks very ritualistic, and doesn't bear much meaning if someone just reads it. But here these things come in, and they all fit in so that we understand.

Verse 23: "Thus he said, 'The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be different from all the other kingdoms and shall devour the whole earth…'"

Never has there been a kingdom of men that encompassed the whole earth, but it's coming. It's called the New World Order, and they've been working at this for a long time, developing many things that they're going to bring about when they get the power.

Verse 24: "And the ten horns out of this kingdom are ten kings that shall arise. And another shall arise after them. And he shall be different from the first, and he shall subdue three kings. And he shall speak words against the Most High…" (vs 24-25).

Isn't that what we have right back there in Rev. 13? Blaspheming those in heaven!

"…and shall wear out the saints of the Most High, and think to change the set times and the laws…." (v 25).

That's already happened, hasn't it? And the whole world embraces it, don't they?

"…And they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and one-half time" (v 25). That's 3-1/2 years, and Rev. 13 says 42 months, same thing!

Verse 26: "But the judgment shall sit…"

  • you can't have the judgment until you have the resurrection
  • you can't have the judgment until Christ and all the saints come back to the earth with that final war to take over the whole world

Verse 26: "But the judgment shall sit, and his dominion shall be taken away to be consumed and to be destroyed unto the end. And the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole heaven…" (vs 26-27).

Everything there is on earth, shall be given to the people of the saints of the Most High! We will rule the world under Christ!

How many kings, emperors, dictators, whatever you want to call them, have wanted to rule the whole world? But none of them have been able to!

However, there will be the beast of Rev. 13, and for 42 months he will rule the world! Then the fulfillment of the Feast of Trumpets will come and take it all away. We'll see that!

"…shall be given to the people of the saints of the Most High, Whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom. And all kingdoms shall serve and obey Him" (v 27). Very interesting!

Verse 28: "Here is the end of the matter. As for me, Daniel, my thoughts troubled me greatly, and my countenance changed. But I kept the matter in my heart."

Quite an amazing thing, isn't it? Now, we know that at the end, that Daniel wanted to know what are these things, and God told him, 'It's not for you to know.'

Well, that was disappointing to Daniel, because he had all of these great prophecies that were given to him by God going clear up to the end-time, and he was the first one to ever know this. Yet, he was told, 'Go your way, Daniel, for it's closed and sealed to the time of the end.'

Now let's see how Dan. 12 brings us up to the time of the end; Dan. 11 has the same thing with the King of the North coming against the King of the South, which then kicks everything off and starts the ball rolling for the last three and a half years.

Daniel 12:1[transcriber's correction]: "And at that time Michael shall stand up, the great prince who stands for the children of your people. And there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even until that time…."

That agrees with Matt. 24, Mark 13, and Luke 21, and all the book of the Revelation.

"…And at that time your people shall be delivered… [resurrected] …everyone who shall be found written in The Book" (v 1).

That's where our names are, and that's the most important thing for us right now, that our names are written in the Book of Life!

  • we have to stay faithful
  • we have to yield to God
  • we have to pray, study and overcome
  • we have to endure to the end

Regardless of what may come along!

Remember, God is giving us rule over the whole world! So, when we look out and see all these political things and nations doing this and that and the other thing, and wars here and there, just like Jesus said, remember our mission, our calling, right here.

"…And at that time your people shall be delivered—everyone who shall be found written in the Book [of Life] And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake… [because God looks at death as a sleep] …some to everlasting life…" (vs 1-2).

That's the first resurrection, and then that's all during the Millennium. Then that's all during the White Throne Judgment, a hundred years after the Millennium.

"…and some to shame and everlasting contempt" (v 2)—those who reject God!

What does it say about those who reject God? We find that back in Rev. 20; Lake of Fire, no longer exist!

Verse 3: "And they who are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and they who turn many to righteousness shall shine as the stars forever and ever."

Jesus verified that in Matt. 13 by saying 'then shall the righteous shall shine as the sun!' Stop and think about the glory in that statement, that God is going to give us. That's going to be absolutely an amazing thing indeed!

All of these here in the book of Daniel we've covered before, so what we will do, we will just briefly review it:

  • there's going to be the seven heads and the ten horns
  • there's going to be the beast in the system the beast
  • there's going to be the man who is going to sit in the Holy Place and become the 'abomination that makes desolate' (2-Thess. 2)

Because the whole world will believe a lie, they won't understand what's going to happen, and

  • this man will say he's 'God on the earth.'
  • a false prophet will be there, and he is going to verify that
  • we'll have mixed in with that the mark of the beast
  • the setup for the beginning of the martyrdom of the saints

Now all of that's going to take place! Let's look and see how this Feast of Trumpets involves some hints of it there in the book of Daniel, all nations!

Jer. 25—here's what we need to understand with this. God told Jeremiah, 'Come and take this cup in My hands, and you go to all these nations that I tell you to go to.' We know that Jeremiah did not get to all of these nations, but it was prophetic and written down so that it could be preached to these nations at the time that it's going to happen.

Jeremiah 25:13: "And I will bring on that land all My words which I have spoken against it, all that is written in this book which Jeremiah has prophesied against all the nations. For many nations and great kings shall make them slaves, also. And I will repay them…" (vs 13-14).

Think about this a minute. "…make them slaves…" What's going to happen with the mark of the beast? All who take the mark of the beast will be the slaves of the beast! They're developing things now that:

  • they will know what you're thinking
  • they will know where you are
  • they will know what you buy
  • they will know what you sell
  • they will know everything about you

It will be such that if you don't please them, you don't exist anymore in their digital system, and you can't have anything but facing death!

God says this: "…I will repay them according to their deeds, and according to the works of their own hands.' For thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, to me… [here is the command]: …'Take the wine cup of this wrath at My hand…" (vs 14-15).

Now the wrath of God is clear back there in Rev. 16. We'll see that a little bit later.

"…and cause all the nations to whom I shall send you to drink it. And they shall drink, and reel to and fro, and be crazed because of the sword that I will send among them" (vs 15-16). The sword is war, pictured by the Feast of Trumpets!

Verse 17: "Then I took the cup at the LORD'S hand, and made all the nations drink, to whom the LORD had sent me."

That is spiritually because it's prophecy for today. Then it lists all, all of them, every single one of them.

Verse 26: "And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world…"

When you circle all of these alls, it becomes so very imperative of what God is meaning here.

"…all the kingdoms of the world, which are on the face of the earth…" (v 26).

So, at the end-time, no one's going to escape anything. The only ones who will escape it will be the few in a place of safety. That's it!

Verse 27: "Therefore, you shall say to them, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, "Drink and be drunk, and vomit, and fall, and rise no more because of the sword which I will send among you."'"

Because the sword of the Lord and the power of God is going to be absolutely amazing!

Verse 28: "And it shall come to pass if they refuse to take the cup at your hand to drink, then you shall say to them, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, "You shall certainly drink."'"

Not going to be if, it's not going to be choice, it's going to be you will!

Verse 29: "For, lo, I begin to bring evil on the city, which is called by My name; and shall you go unpunished? You shall not go unpunished. "

Look at all the trouble right now over there in Jerusalem. Think about that!

"'…For I will call for a sword on all the inhabitants of the earth,' says the LORD of hosts" (v 29).Tremendous thing indeed! Yes, indeed!

Verse 30: "And prophesy against them all these words, and say to them, 'The LORD shall roar from on high, and utter His voice from His Holy habitation. He shall mightily roar over His dwelling place. He shall give a shout, like those who tread out grapes, against all the people of the earth." That's an amazing thing!

What is this going to be all about? This is going to be about the greatest war to come upon the world and the greatest destruction that's going to take place.

We need to realize that when we come down off that Sea of Glass (we'll talk about it here a little later) and we come down with Christ to take over the world, it is going to be nothing but in shambles and destruction.

Verse 31: "A noise shall come to the ends of the earth; for the LORD has a controversy with the nations; He will plead with all flesh…."—all flesh, all inhabitants, all people, all nations! How much more inclusive can you get?

"…He will give those who are wicked to the sword,"' says the LORD. Thus says the LORD of hosts, 'Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be stirred up from the farthest corners of the earth'" (vs 31-32).

Now notice how devastating this is going to be. The Feast of Trumpets pictures the greatest wars and the greatest destruction up to that point of time in the history of the whole world.

So absolutely devastating will this be, that Jesus said that if those days were not limited, no flesh would be saved alive!

Verse 33: "And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of the earth even to the other end of the earth; they shall not be mourned, nor gathered, nor buried. They shall be as dung on the ground."

Then God gives a warning to all the shepherds. The shepherds include the ministers and the pastors, but all the political people involved.

Don't the politicians come along and say, 'I'll solve the problems here.' What happened? They can do it for a little while if they follow certain things, but it always collapses! Why? Because:

  • everything is against God
  • everything is against the Laws of God

It will never work! Men come out here and they think, 'oh, we're wise, we're educated.' I've got the book by Victor Davis Hanson—The End of Everything—and I have read it, how that war brings annihilation. He covers all the things in the Middle East. But guess what he leaves out?

  • he leaves out Israel
  • he leaves out the Exodus
  • he leaves out going to Babylon
  • he leaves out coming back from Babylon
  • he leaves out the invasion finally taking over in 70A.D. to destroy the temple in Jerusalem and move all the Jews out of the Holy Land

Those were big things! He talked about:

  • Egypt
  • Rome
  • Greece.
  • the Carthaginians

and then in the Western Hemisphere, he talked about

  • the Aztecs
  • the Mayan
  • the Incas

He shows how everything degenerated into wars, but there was a revival after that.

Wonder what he would think if he understood the Bible? Well, I don't know, but I sent him an e-mail and ask him why he didn't include the things that God did with Israel.

Verse 34[transcriber's correction] "Howl, you shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves in the ashes, you lords of the flock! For the days of your slaughter and of your scatterings are fulfilled; and you shall fall like a choice vessel."

No one's going to be able to stand against God! That's what the whole Feast of Trumpets is all about.

Verse 35: "And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the lords of the flock to escape. A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and a howling of the lords of the flock shall be heard; for the LORD has spoiled their pasture. And the peaceful pastures are cut down because of the fierce anger of the LORD" (vs 35-37).

That's what this day pictures! The final Feast of Trumpets pictures the complete wrath of God. It starts out with the trumpet plagues and ends in the return of Christ and the saints from the Sea of Glass! We'll see that!

Verse 37: "And the peaceful pastures are cut down because of the fierce anger of the LORD"

Verse 38[transcriber's correction]: "Like the lion, He has left His den; for their land is wasted because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger."

Now, that is absolutely quite a thing that's being brought out here by God, what He's going to do.

(break@41:04)

Let's come to Isa. 13. We will see, as we're instructed in God's Word, how to put this together: a little here, a little there, line upon line, precept upon precept!

We're going to see how it is that we can know of the Holy Day and when we need to keep the Holy Day at this time because of the Calculated Hebrew Calendar.

But on the other hand, Jesus said, no one knows the day or the hour. Why is that? Someone will come along and say, 'How can you say it's going to be on the Feast of Trumpets or on the Day of Pentecost or whatever day; Jesus said, 'No one knows the day nor the hour'? We will see! The answer we will see is that God's going to 'shake the heavens, shake the earth,' and that means everything is moved out of place.

Well, what does that do when you have things calculated like with the Calculated Hebrew Calendar? It's going to put the days out of sequence in such a way that only God knows, though He gives us the understanding of it through the Holy Days.

When it comes down to the actual days, the minute and the time that these things are going to take place, it will not be what we think because of what God has done to the heavens and the earth.

Isaiah 13:6: "Howl! For the Day of the LORD is at hand; it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty."

It's going to affect everyone everywhere on the earth, all things, all nations, all peoples, etc.

Verse 7: "Therefore, all hands shall be faint, and every man's heart shall melt; and they shall be afraid. Pangs and sorrows shall take hold of them. They shall be in pain like a woman who travails. They shall be amazed at one another, their faces are like blazing fire. Behold, the Day of the LORD comes, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to make the earth a desolation; and He shall destroy the sinners out of it" (vs 7-9). That is breathtaking!

Here's why that we can understand it through the Feast days that are given in the Bible and according to the Calculated Hebrew Calendar. But when it comes down to the final day, the final hour, the final time, only God knows because of this:

Verse 10: "For the stars of the heavens and their constellations shall not give light; the sun shall be darkened in its going forth, and the moon shall not reflect its light. 'And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the tyrants'" (vs 10-11).

That's why everything's going to be shaken out of its place. Then he says:

Verse 12: "I will make man more scarce than gold; even man more than the fine gold of Ophir. Therefore, I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall move out of its place…" (vs 12-13)—that changes time!

If you change time, only God knows the correct hour and day. Right? There it is!

"…in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of His fierce anger" (v 13). That's what this day pictures!

Let's see what else it tells us. The Jews have an interesting saying as to why that they did not accept Jesus as the Messiah. That was because when they examined the prophecies, none of these things did Jesus do when he came.

But they reject the New Testament, which tells us that He's going to come again. And even though they have the Calculated Hebrew Calendar and they know the days that are there and what is commanded to be kept, they can't understand it because they don't put it all together with the Scriptures the way that they should be.

Isaiah 24:1: "Behold, the LORD makes the earth empty and makes it waste, and turns it upside down, and scatters its inhabitants."

You've heard about the shifting of the poles, the North Pole and the South Pole. That's happened before. They can tell by how the rocks have formed after the shaking that the North Pole became the South Pole and the South Pole became the North Pole.

Verse 2: "And as it is with the people, so it shall be with the priest; as with the slave, so with the master; as with the handmaid, so it is with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the creditor, so with the debtor.3: The earth shall be completely laid waste…" (vs 2-3).

Now that's something! These are powerful words. God is showing He's not some little long-haired, finky little thing like the Christianity of this world pictures slain on a cross.

  • He's the Mighty God
  • He's all-powerful
  • He has all authority

Verse 3: "The earth shall be completely laid waste, and utterly stripped; for the LORD has spoken this word."

  • if God says it, He's going to do it
  • if it hasn't yet been done, it's going to be done

That's the key!

Verse 4: "The earth mourns and languishes; the world withers and languishes; the proud people of the earth wither. And the earth is defiled under its people; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, and have broken the everlasting covenant" (vs 4-5).

Now that is serious transgression, and God is going to bring all of this because of it. So, He gives all of what He's going to do, then He tells us why. Because they rejected God!

  • going back to the very first thing that God said to Adam and Eve, 'obey My voice'
  • that He told Israel, 'obey My voice'
  • that He said when He was tempted of Satan the devil, 'that man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God'
  • by what Jesus said, 'every word that I have spoken is true and will come to pass'

Verse 6: "Therefore, the curse has devoured the earth…"—everything on it, because the Feast of Trumpets pictures all the things that are going to happen to the whole world leading up to the return of Christ and the saints.

"…and they who dwell in it are desolate; therefore, the people of the earth are burned, and few men are left" (v 6). So, how many that will be we'll have to wait and see!

Verse 16: "From the ends of the earth we have heard songs, 'Glory to the righteous.' But I said, 'Leanness to me! Leanness to me! Woe to me! Deceivers deceive, even treacherously. Deceivers deceive!' Dread and the pit, and the snare are upon you, O inhabitant of the earth…. [trouble and difficulty everywhere] …And it shall be, he who flees from the sound of dread shall fall into the pit. And he who comes up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare, for the windows from on high are opened, and the foundations of the earth quake" (vs 16-18). That's why only God knows the time or the hour!

Verse 19: "The earth is broken, yea broken down!…."

Now think about this: When we come back to the earth, it's going to be nothing but wasteland, destruction and death.

Verse 19: "The earth is crumbling, yea crumbling to pieces! The earth is tottering, yea tottering!…. [wobbling in its orbit] …Like a drunkard the earth is staggering, yea staggering! And it rocks to and fro like a tree hut! And its transgressions are heavy upon it; and it shall fall and not rise again. And it shall come to pass in that day, the LORD shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth" (vs 19-21).

So that's what's going to happen! That's what this day pictures! Now we see a little bit of that in the book of Joel, so let's go there. How many places does it have to be where God shows us what's going to happen:

  • that we will believe it?
  • that people will believe it?
  • that they will see it?
  • that they will recognize it?
  • that they will understand what is happening?

Now there have been other days of the Lord not quite as punishing as this at the end-time. It was the Day of the Lord when he sent all the remaining Jews off into captivity to Babylon.

It was the Day of the Lord when his temple was destroyed again in 70A.D. and sent all the Jews scattered into the rest of the world. Now it's the Day of the Lord at the return of Christ! Here we have it.

Joel 1:15: "Alas for the day! For the Day of the LORD is at hand, and it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty."

WOW That's what we find in the book of Revelation, destruction upon destruction!

Joel 2:1: "Blow the ram's horn in Zion… [Feast of Trumpets] …and sound an alarm in My Holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land tremble, for the Day of the LORD comes, for it is near at hand."

Now we'll see how the rest of Joel 2 is fulfilled when we get to Rev. 8 and 9. So. that's quite a thing. This is why we have to put a 'a little here, a little there.'

Matt. 24—let's see what is the thing that kicks off the Tribulation. That is the building of the temple and the 'abomination of desolation,' which we've covered many times (2-Thess. 2), that the beast goes in there after the deadly wound is healed and he declares himself to be God, and that's affirmed by the false prophet.

When they're together, the false prophet does miracles, calling fire down from heaven. The mark of the beast is enforced, and those who will not make an idol to the beast will be martyred. We'll see how that comes out in sequence in Rev. 6.

Jesus says, Matthew 24:15: "Therefore when you see…"

Now let's understand this is important, because we now have it, the instantaneous communication when anything that is of great importance happens, it comes immediately. We know it, it comes into every home and on every phone. Think about that as a witness from God to the whole world is what is coming.

Verse 15: "'Therefore, when you see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of by Daniel the Prophet, standing in the Holy place.' (The one who reads, let him understand.)"

That's because the temple was destroyed in 70A.D. and 'the abomination of desolation' did not come into the Holy Place.

Verse 21: "For then shall there be Great Tribulation… [notice how He says this] …such as has not been from the beginning of the world until this time, nor ever shall be again. And if those days were not limited, there would no flesh be saved; but for the elect's sake those days shall be limited" (vs 21-22).

Let's see how all of these things come together. Here's the important thing to remember about the book of Revelation:

Rev. 1-11 are in a sequence of time from John until the first resurrection. Other chapters in the book of Revelation have a couple of inset chapters in between to bring everything up to date.

But here in Rev. 6 is where the seals are opened. We're told in chapter five that the only one who can open them is Jesus Christ. He has the power. And also know this: Rev. 4-5 shows that nothing at the end-time is going to happen unless the order is given by God the Father to Jesus Christ in opening the seals to begin the things.!

First Seal:

The false prophet, the false religion, the coming one world religion. That has been going on for quite a while, and that is developing.

Second Seal:

The coming of the beast (Rev. 13), and that is developing. It's had its ups, it's had its downs, but it will eventually come together because God said it's going to!

We know that the deadly wound is going to be where the leading one of the Beast Power of the seven and ten horns will have a wound unto death, but it is healed. Then he continues for 42 months—3-1/2 years. So, when that happens, then the second seal opens up. That's the power of the war that the beast is going to bring.

Then the other seals follow very, very quickly.

Third & Fourth Seals:

Famine, war; famine, starvation, all of that. All of those things take place.

Fifth Seal:

Here's the martyrdom of the saints, always looking for the one to blame; they're going to blame those who love God and keep His commandments!

The only reason why are those in the place of safety (Rev. 12) is because Jesus said He would build His Church and the gates of the grave would never prevail against it!

Here we have opening of the 5th seal, the martyrdom of the saints.

Sixth Seal:

The 6th seal becomes a very important focal point in everything from here going forward. When that happens, we're going to see this is the time that we have read in Jeremiah, Isaiah and Joel about shaking the earth, and all inhabitants and all nations and so forth.

We have to tie the 6th seal in with the Tribulation against the children of Israel. Now in Hosea 6 that Tribulation would come upon Israel for two days. A day in prophecy is a year in fulfillment, so that's two years.

We have the time of the end 3-1/2 years. So, if you take away those first 2 years, what do you have? You have a year and a half left! Let's see what happens at the beginning of that time, and it very likely happens right on Pentecost.

Revelation 6:12: "And when He opened the sixth seal, I looked, and behold, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as the hair of sackcloth, and the moon became as blood."

Didn't we read back there in the prophets about that? Yes!

Verse 13: "And the stars of heaven fell to the earth, as a fig tree casts its untimely figs when it is shaken by a mighty wind. Then the heaven departed like a scroll…: (vs 13-14).

BOOM! That's never happened. What is that going to be? We'll see that Jesus tells us what it will be.

Verse 14: "Then the heaven departed like a scroll that is being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved out of its place." Everything on the earth, great destruction.

Verse 15: "And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the powerful men, and every bondman, and every free man hid themselves in the caves and in the rocks of the mountains; and they said to the mountains and to the rocks, 'Fall on us…'" (vs 15-16).

At first, they will believe it's the return of Christ. But Christ doesn't return there!

  • What happens?
  • What is it that they will see?

Here's what they will experience, everything being shaken, and they will say:

"…and hide us from the face of Him Who sits on the Throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb, because the great day of His wrath has come, and who has the power to stand?" (vs 16-17).

What is that going to be? We will see.

Matthew 24:26: "Therefore, if they say to you, 'Come and see! He is in the wilderness'; do not go forth. 'Come and see! He is in the secret chambers'; do not believe it. For as the light of day…" (vs 26-27).

What is the light of day?

"…which comes forth from the east and shines as far as the west… that's the sun] so also shall the coming of the Son of man be" (v 27).

What is this? The light of day!

Verse 29: "But immediately after the tribulation of those days…. [that the two years against Israel] …the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken."

That's what we read in Rev. 6, and then shall appear the sign of the Son of Man in heaven. What is the sign of the Son of Man? Jesus told us right back up here:

Verse 27: "For as the light of day, which comes forth from the east and shines as far as the west, so also shall the coming of the Son of man be." That's the sign!

  • What is that? The heavens roll back
  • What are they going to see?

Mal. 4 tells us what it is, how it's going to be, and it can only be right at the end-time. Can't be any other time before that. So, this is going to be a marvelous thing when we put it all together.

Malachi 4:1: "For behold, the day is coming, burning like a consuming oven; and all the proud, and every doer of wickedness, shall be stubble. And the day that comes shall burn them up,' says the LORD of hosts, 'and will leave them neither root nor branch. But unto you… [ that's all of us] …who fear My name, the Sun [S-U-N] of Righteousness shall arise…" (vs 1-2).

That's the sign of the Son of man that all nations are going to see. That is what is expressed in Rev. 6.

"…and healing will be in His wings. And you shall go out and grow up like calves of the stall" (v 2).

That's what they will see when that sixth seal is opened, going to be another sun out there. Now they will think immediately that that's the coming of Christ. But remember the whole earth today is being prepared by the invasion from aliens from space, and it's actually preparing the way for Christ, and they don't know it!

By that time, since Christ doesn't come, the sign appears there, and the sign will be there from that time until the resurrection.

So, Rev. 6 occurs on Pentecost. Think about what happened on Pentecost when we covered it on Pentecost.

  • God gathered all his people at Mount Sinai and gave them His Law
  • then we have when the Church started
  • the Holy Spirit came to all the apostles and they preached
  • the power of the Holy Spirit came to them and they spoke in tongues in different languages for all the people who were there

Now then, this Pentecost:

  • the heavens roll back as a scroll
  • the sign of the Son of Man is seen like the second sun
  • we find the sealing of the 144,000 and the great innumerable multitude (Rev. 7).

Then it shows in the last part of Rev, 7 that at the resurrection, they will all be at the Throne of God.

Now then, here's where we come for the fulfillment of Trumpets. The end of Rev. 6-7 are on Pentecost. Then everything is shaken, everything is all messed up. So, the world is going to have to have time to

  • clean up the mess
  • prepare for the armies coming from the east
  • prepare for the battles in Rev. 8-9.

These are going to be these tremendous battles that will go on. They will see that second sun up there, but since it's not doing anything but just sitting there, it will become kind of a normal thing for the year and a half that it is there!

Then, at the end of that year and a half, the great surprise takes place; we'll see that. So we have Rev.8, which probably occurs on trumpets.

Remember, only God knows where exactly the day that this will be, because it's shaking the heavens and the earth.

Revelation 8:1: "Now, when He opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about a half hour. Then I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them."

Now if you have seven trumpets, and the way that they are laid out is trumpet one, two, three, and four; those four come quite quickly.

Verse 3: "And another angel, who had a golden censer, came and stood at the altar; and much incense was given to him, so that he might offer it with the prayers of all the saints on the golden altar that was before the Throne. And the smoke of the incense went up before God from the hand of the angel, ascending with the prayers of the saints" (vs 3-4).

Who are the saints? 144,000 greater number of multitude because they were sealed! They are praying. God probably gives them some space from all of the difficulties that they have gone through. These wars are going to take place leading up to the Holy Land.

Verse 4: "And the smoke of the incense went up before God from the hand of the angel, ascending with the prayers of the saints. And the angel took the censer, and filled it with fire from the altar, and cast it into the earth; and there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings, and an earthquake…. [again, the earth is shaken] Then the seven angels who had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound their trumpets (vs 4-6).

Then we have the first one, the second one, the third one, the fourth one! All of these things bring the different plagues upon the people because of their sins.

Revelation 9:1: "And the fifth angel sounded his trumpet…"—and then we have the great opening of the abyss, and the demons come out,

They come out, and the army that the beast has then is empowered with them, and they come against the kings of the east. That stops them for a while.

Then we have the sixth seal; the sixth seal is quite a thing!

Verse 13: "And the sixth angel sounded his trumpet; and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar that is before God; and it said to the sixth angel, who had the trumpet, 'Loose the four angels who are bound in the great River Euphrates.' Then the four angels, who had been prepared for the hour and day and month and year, were loosed, so that they might kill a third of men" (vs 13-15).

That's quite a thing; this is going to be the greatest war ever!

Verse 16: "And the number of the armies of the horsemen was two hundred thousand thousand; and I heard the number of them"—200 million.

That's all the armies from the east; they're going to be coming. That's why you need that 4-1/2 months of clean up and get everything ready from Pentecost to Trumpets. Then the armies will be gathered.

Just like it says there in Daniel and Joel; the armies are going to come. So, here's the sixth seal.

Verse 17—here's the army: "And so, I saw the horses in the vision, and those sitting on them, who had fiery breastplates, even like jacinth and brimstone. And the heads of the horses were like heads of lions, and fire and smoke and brimstone shoot out of their mouths. By these three a third of men were killed…" (vs 17-18).

Verse 21: "And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornications, nor of their thievery."

Rev. 10—the seven thunders; no one knows what those are because John was told not to write them down. So, if any man comes and says we know what the seven thunders are, they don't have a clue. Even John didn't and God didn't give him permission to write them down.

Rev. 11—Now all during this time that we have up to this point, there are the two witnesses in Jerusalem. They are standing against the beast and the false prophet, who are trying to kill them, but every time they do, fire proceeds out of the mouth of the two witnesses and their enemies are killed.

Finally, right at the end they're able to kill them. And the world rejoices and they don't know what's going to happen next, because this is going to be an astonishing thing that will take place. It's going to shake the whole world and the heavens!

The seventh angel sounds his trumpet, but he doesn't sound it until something takes place first: those two witnesses, their bodies will be three and a half days lying in the streets of Jerusalem, and the people will see them. So, there will still probably be some kind of communication with all the digital things that are going on, because the world will rejoice that the two witnesses are killed.

But they don't know what is in store, because after three and a half days, then the spirit of life from God comes into them, and they stand on their feet and the world is astonished. There's a great earthquake. Look at all the earthquakes that take place, and 7,000 were killed.

A voice came out of heaven to the two witnesses, 'Come up here.' So, they start rising, and as they are rising, what takes place?

Revelation 11:14: "The second woe is past. Behold, the third woe is coming immediately. Then the seventh angel sounded his trumpet…" (vs 14-15)—that is the last trumpet; seven is the last trumpet.

We're told in 1-Cor. 15 that at the last trump, the first resurrection is going to take place!

"…and there were great voices in heaven, saying, 'The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and His Christ, and He shall reign into the ages of eternity'" (v 15). That is the first resurrection! Let's see it right here. It tells us.

Verse 16: "And the twenty-four elders, who sit before God on their thrones, fell on their faces and worshiped God, saying, 'We give You thanks, O Lord God Almighty, Who is, and Who was, and Who is to come; for You have taken to Yourself Your great power, and have reigned. For the nations were angry, and Your wrath has come, and the time for the dead to be judged, and to give reward to Your servants the prophets, and to the saints… [there it is, the resurrection] …and to all those who fear Your name, the small and the great; and to destroy those who destroy the earth'" (vs 16-18)

So, what's going to happen then? We have the sign of the Son of Man out there! The two witnesses have been resurrected. Now what happens? The resurrection takes place! That's very important. It talks about the resurrection and the harvest here in:

Revelation 14:14: "And I looked, and behold, a white cloud, and one like the Son of man sitting on the cloud, having a golden crown on His head; and in His hand was a sharp sickle. And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him Who was sitting on the cloud, 'Thrust in your sickle and reap, because the time has come for You to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe'" (vs 14-15).

So, he did it. That's the first resurrection! Then it talks about what's going to happen with His seven last plagues. But that second part, the last part of Rev. 14, comes clear over to Rev. 19 for its fulfillment.

Revelation 15:1: "Then I saw another sign in heaven, great and awesome: seven angels having the seven last plagues, for in them the wrath of God is filled up. And I saw a Sea of Glass mingled with fire…" (vs 1-2).

What's going to happen is this: That Sun that is out there as the second Sun is going to come swooshing to the earth. As it gets in the clouds, it's going to expand into a great Sea of Glass.

At the first resurrection, all the saints are going to be raised, the angels who are going to bring them from the earth up to the great Sea of Glass.

Verse 2: "And I saw a Sea of Glass mingled with fire, and those who had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, standing on the Sea of Glass, having the lyres of God."

Now then, this means that Trumpets cannot be the day of the resurrection, because from the time of the resurrection till Christ and the saints come back to the earth on the last Feast of Trumpets is about another four and a half months.

We're going to be on the Sea of Glass, and we're going to see the seven last plagues poured out! Now then, it shows who is on the Sea of Glass.

Verse 3: "And they were singing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, 'Great and awesome are Your works, Lord God Almighty; righteous and true are Your ways, King of the saints.'" We'll all be there singing that. Jesus will be there:

  • all of the patriarchs
  • all of the prophets
  • all of the saints
  • all of the apostles
  • all of those who have been faithful down through time
  • we will be given our instructions
  • we'll be given our new name
  • we'll be given our robes of righteousness
  • we will be there for the marriage of the Lamb
  • we will be there for the marriage supper of the Lamb

All the while that is going, the armies of the earth are getting ready for the seven last plagues! And we will see that!

Rev. 16[transcriber's correction] will be the final run up to the Feast of Trumpets and the return of Jesus Christ and the saints. All of these things will take place. The seven angels with the seven last plagues will pour them out, and it's going to be something.

The armies from the east will come; all nations will come. The sixth angel of the seven last plagues will sound, and that will have Satan, the beast and the false prophet call all the armies. They will say:

This is the invasion from outer space. These are the aliens. We saw them body snatching and taking people. We saw them rising in the air. And there's this great Sea of Glass up just above the clouds, and we can see it. This is going to be something, so we've got to fight against this. We have got to stop this invasion from outer space.

But they will all be gathered to Armageddon, and when they get there:

Revelation 16:17: "Then the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and a loud voice came out of the temple of heaven, from the Throne, saying, 'IT IS FINISHED.' And there were voices and thunders and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake…" (vs 17-18).

Notice how many earthquakes! That's why no one knows the day or the hour!

"…such as was not since men were on the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great. And the great city was divided into three parts; and the cities of the nations fell…" (vs 18-19).

All of their big skyscrapers are going to come crumbling down like just matchsticks.

"…and Babylon the Great was remembered before God… [Remember where we started with King Nebuchadnezzar?] …to give her the cup of the wine of the fury of His wrath. And every island disappeared, and no mountains were found; and great hail, each stone the weight of a talent…" (vs 19-21)—180 pounds!

You talk about a finality for the greatest battle in the world, this is the battle of the Feast of Trumpets.

"…fell down from heaven upon men; and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail, for the plague was exceedingly great" (v 21).

Rev. 19—here's what happened: This is the finale of the Feast of Trumpets in its full, absolute, complete fulfillment. Everything the way that God has said.

Now, this is after all the things that we've covered on Pentecost on the Sea of Glass. So you can go back and review that.

Revelation 19:11: "And I saw heaven open; and behold, a white horse; and He Who sat on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He does judge and make war."

Only God can bring the war to stop all wars! And this is the last one He causes war to cease. So, here's the last one before the Millennium.

And it talks about Christ, v 12: "And His eyes were like a flame of fire, and on His head were many crowns; and He had a name written that no one knows except Him."

Special name from God the Father Just to Christ, known to God the Father and Him alone.

Verse 13: "And He was clothed with a garment dipped in blood; and His name is The Word of God." Connect that back with the Gospel of John

John 1:1: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."

Revelation 19:14: "And the armies in heaven were following Him on white horses…." That's:

  • all the saints
  • all the prophets
  • all the apostles

All those in the first resurrection!

"…and they were clothed in fine linen, white and pure. And out of His mouth goes a sharp sword, that with it He might smite the nations; and He shall shepherd them with an iron rod; and He treads the winepress of the fury and the wrath of the Almighty God. And on His garment and on His thigh He has a name written: King of kings and Lord of lords" (vs 14-16). We're all going to be following Him! Yes.

Verse 17: "Then I saw an angel standing in the sun; and he cried out with a loud voice, saying to all the birds that fly in the midst of heaven, 'Come and gather yourselves together to the supper of the great God so that you may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of chief captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses, and of those who sit on them, and the flesh of all, free and bond, and small and great.' And I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies, gathered together to make war with Him Who sits on the horse, and with His army" (vs 17-19). Then what happens?

Verse 20: "And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet who worked miracles in his presence, by which he had deceived those who received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Those two were cast alive into the Lake of Fire, which burns with brimstone; and the rest were killed by the sword of Him Who sits on the horse…" (vs 20-21).

Zech. 14—we will finish the Day of Trumpets. Then as we descend with Christ and this last battle is taking place and the Word of Christ goes out, and all the flesh falls off those in the armies who are fighting. Here we're coming down, coming down to Jerusalem, and He's going to step first of all on the Mount of Olives, and we will be there with Him.

Zechariah 14:1: "Behold, the Day of the LORD comes, and your spoil shall be divided in your midst, 'For I will gather all nations to battle against Jerusalem… [tie in Rev. 19] …and the city shall be taken, and the houses plundered…" (vs 1-2)—etc.

Verse 4: "And His feet shall stand in that day upon the Mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east, and the Mount of Olives shall split in two, from the east and to the west…[everything's going to be changed; nothing will remain the same] …and make a very great valley. And half of the mountain shall move toward the north, and half of it toward the south. 'And you shall flee to the valley of My mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach to Azal. And you shall flee as you fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah.' And the LORD my God shall come, and all the saints with You" (vs 4-5). That's it!

Verse 6: "And it shall come to pass in that day, that the light shall not be clear, nor dark. And it will be one day, which shall be known to the LORD, neither day nor night; but it shall come to pass that at evening time it shall be light. And it shall be in that day, that living waters shall go out from Jerusalem; half of them shall go toward the eastern sea, and half of them toward the western sea. In summer and in winter it shall be. And the LORD shall be King over all the earth; in that day there shall be one LORD, and His name shall be one" (vs 6-9).

So, that brings us to the fulfillment of the Feast of Trumpets. We can see how all of the things in the world, the events in the nations today, are moving toward that direction bit-by-bit, step-by-step-by-step!

Have a wonderful Feast of Trumpets. We will see you on Sabbath and also on the coming day of Atonement!

Scriptural References:

  • Leviticus 23:23-25
  • Daniel 2:41-46
  • Daniel 7:13-14, 20-28
  • Daniel 12:1-3
  • Jeremiah 25:13-17, 26-38
  • Isaiah 13:6-13
  • Isaiah 24:1-6, 16-21
  • Joel 1:15
  • Joel 2:1
  • Matthew 24:15, 21-22
  • Revelation 6:12-17
  • Matthew 24:26-27, 29, 27
  • Malachi 4:1-2
  • Revelation 8:1-6
  • Revelation 9:1, 13-18, 21
  • Revelation 11:14-18
  • Revelation 14:14-15
  • Revelation 15:1-3
  • Revelation 16:17-21
  • Revelation 19:11-13
  • John 1:1
  • Revelation 19:14-21
  • Zechariah 14:1-2. 4-9

Scriptures referenced, not quoted:

  • Isaiah 28; 29
  • Deuteronomy 16
  • Revelation 13; 17
  • Daniel 11
  • Mark 13
  • Luke 21
  • Revelation 20
  • Matthew 13
  • 2 Thessalonians 2
  • Revelation 1-11; 4-5; 13; 12
  • Hosea 6
  • Revelation 7; 10
  • 1 Corinthians 15

Also referenced: Book:
            The End of Everything by Victor Davis Hanson-

FRC:bo/po
Transcribed: 8/9/24
Corrected: 8/18/24

Copyright 2024—All rights reserved. Except for brief excerpts for review purposes, no part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner. This includes electronic and mechanical photocopying or recording, as well as the use of information storage and retrieval systems.

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